CAS： 420-04-2
MF： CH2N2
Appearance： white crystalline solid
| Description |
First synthesized in 1851 from ammonia and cyanogen chloride. Its large-scale production as a calcium salt was developed in the late 19th century, mainly for agricultural applications. |
|
Uses |
Cyanamide is used as a fertilizer, defoliant, herbicide, fungicide, pesticide, and rest-breaking agent. It serves multiple roles, decomposing to urea in soil, which can then be absorbed as fertilizer. Accelerates the plant growth cycle in specific crops, such as grapes, cherries, and kiwifruit, promoting early germination and flowering. Cyanamide derivatives enhance the flame resistance of materials like polyurethane. |
| Solubility | High solubility in water and polar organic solvents; slightly soluble in benzene and halogenated hydrocarbons. |
| Stability | Reacts explosively with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Decomposes at high temperatures, especially when heated above 180°C. |
| Reactivity | Cyanamide contains cyano and amino groups, making it highly reactive. It decomposes to urea in acidic conditions. |
|
Irritation |
Causes severe skin and eye irritation. Inhalation can lead to respiratory and mucosal irritation. |
|
Toxicity in Plants |
Highly toxic to livestock when consumed in plants like Vicia villosa (hairy vetch), potentially leading to "vetch disease." |
|
Health Risks |
Exposure can result in transient flushing, headaches, dizziness, and more severe symptoms if inhaled or ingested. |
InChI:InChI=1/CH2N2/c2-1-3/h2H2
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Previous studies have suggested that cyanamide may help to prevent such relapse. Cyanamide seems to be an effective and well tolerated pharmacological adjunct to psychosocial and behavioural treatment programmes for the treatment of some adolescent alcohol-dependent patients. Because of reported hepatotoxic, haematological and dermatological side effects, patients should be observed continuously by experienced clinicians. Further studies are necessary to prove the efficacy of cyanamide in adolescents.
The kinetics of the chlorine dioxide-thi...
Here, quantification of these compounds in Vicia species suggested that cyanamide was biosynthesized from L-canavanine. Subsequent experiments involving L-[guanidineimino-15N2]canavanine addition to young Vicia villosa seedlings resulted in significant incorporation of 15N-label into cyanamide, verifying its presumed biosynthetic pathway.
